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Norman Winning
Norman Isaac Winning, (27 May 1906 – 2/3 December 1950) was a British-Australian soldier best known for leading the Salamaua Raid during World War II. He migrated to Java as a young man to work on a plantation. Upon the outbreak of war in 1940, he enlisted in the Australian forces and fought against the Japanese in the New Guinea and Bougainville campaigns. After the war, he returned to Java, where he continued to manage one of the plantations. He was murdered there by anti-European rebels in 1950.
==Childhood==
Born at Oban in Argyll on 27 May 1906, Norman Winning was the second child of Isaac Winning, a school teacher, and his wife Eliza Clark (née Greenlees). His father served in the Highland Light Infantry in World War I from 28 May 1915 to 9 August 1916, when he was discharged due to illness.〔Ancestry.com. (''British Army WWI Medal Rolls Index Cards, 1914–1920'' ) (on-line ). Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2008. Accessed 16 October 2015. 〕 Winning was educated in Troon, Ayshire, and apprenticed at a shipping company. In 1926, at age 19, he traveled to Batavia, planning to settle in the Dutch East Indies.〔Ancestry.com. (''UK, Outward Passenger Lists, 1890–1960'' ). (on-line ). Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2012. Accessed 16 October 2015. .〕 As a young man, Winning managed an estate owned by the Anglo-Dutch firm ''Pamanoekan en Tjiasemlanden'' in Java.〔〔Ancestry.com. UK, (''Incoming Passenger Lists, 1878–1960'' ) Class: BT26; Piece: 962; Item: 27I. (on-line ). Provo, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations Inc, 2008. Accessed 16 October 2015. .〕〔The Pamanoekan en Tjiasemlanden estates in Java included of 37 estates upon which the estate managers grew variable crop land, most of which were rubber, but also included tea, coffee, cinchona, hemp, sisal, cassava, and kapok. See Hiroyoshi Kanō, ''Indonesian Exports, Peasant Agriculture and the World Economy, 1850–2000'', NUS Press, 2008, (pp. 192–193 ).〕
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